Sponsored Research and License Agreements

We conduct research and development programs independently and in connection with our corporate collaborators. As of March 31, 2025, we are a party to collaboration agreements with Lilly to develop and commercialize ocadusertib (previously R552), a RIPK1 inhibitor, for the treatment of non-central nervous system (non-CNS) diseases and collaboration aimed at developing additional RIPK1 inhibitors for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases; with Grifols S.A. (Grifols) to commercialize fostamatinib for human diseases in all indications in Grifols territory which includes Europe, the UK, Turkey, the Middle East, North Africa and Russia (including Commonwealth of Independent States); with Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Kissei) to develop and commercialize fostamatinib in Japan, China, Taiwan and the Republic of Korea (Korea), and olutasidenib in Japan, Korea and Taiwan; with Medison Pharma Trading AG (Medison Canada) and Medison Pharma Ltd. (Medison Israel and, together with Medison Canada, Medison) to commercialize fostamatinib in all indications, in Medison territory which includes Canada and Israel; with Knight Therapeutics International SA (Knight) to commercialize fostamatinib in all indications, in Knight territory

which includes Latin America, consisting of Mexico, Central and South America, and the Caribbean; and with Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories (Dr. Reddy’s) to commercialize olutasidenib in Dr. Reddy’s territory which includes Latin America, South Africa, India, Australia, New Zealand, and certain countries in the CIS, Southeast Asia region and North Africa.

Further, we are also a party to collaboration agreements, but do not have ongoing performance obligations with BerGenBio ASA (BerGenBio) for the development and commercialization of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, R428 (now referred to as bemcentinib (BGB324)), and with Daiichi Sankyo (Daiichi) to pursue research related to murine double minute 2 (MDM2) inhibitor, DS-3032 (now referred as melademetan).

Under the above existing agreements that we entered into in the ordinary course of business, we received or may be entitled to receive upfront cash payments, payments contingent upon specified events achieved by such partners and royalties on any net sales of products sold by such partners under the agreements. As of March 31, 2025, total future contingent payments to us under all of the above existing agreements was approximately $1.5 billion, if all potential product candidates achieved all of the payment triggering events under all of our current agreements. Of this amount, $279.5 million relates to the achievement of development events, $310.6 million relates to the achievement of regulatory events and $902.0 million relates to the achievement of certain commercial events. This estimated future contingent amount does not include any estimated royalties that could be due to us if the partners successfully commercialize any of the licensed products. Future events that may trigger payments to us under the agreements are based solely on our partners’ future efforts and achievements of specified development, regulatory and/or commercial events.

We account for the milestone payments when such milestones are considered probable of being achieved, and estimate the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. Milestone payments that are not within our or the licensee’s control, such as regulatory approvals, are not considered probable of being achieved until uncertainty associated with the approvals has been resolved. The transaction price is then allocated to each performance obligation, on a relative standalone selling price basis, for which we recognize revenue as or when the performance obligations under the contract are satisfied. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, we re-evaluate the probability of achieving such milestones and any related constraint, and if necessary, adjust our estimate of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, and recorded as part of contract revenues from collaborations during the period of adjustment.

Global Exclusive License Agreement with Lilly

We have a global exclusive license agreement and strategic collaboration with Lilly (Lilly Agreement) entered in February 2021, which became effective in March 2021, upon clearance under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, to develop and commercialize ocadusertib (previously R552) for the treatment of non-CNS diseases. In addition, the collaboration is aimed at developing additional RIPK1 inhibitors for the treatment of CNS diseases. Pursuant to the terms of the Lilly Agreement, we granted Lilly the exclusive rights to develop and commercialize ocadusertib and related RIPK1 inhibitors in all indications worldwide. The parties’ collaboration is governed through a joint governance committee and appropriate subcommittees.

Under the terms of the Lilly Agreement, we were entitled to receive a non-refundable and non-creditable upfront cash payment amounting to $125.0 million, which we received in April 2021. We are also entitled to additional milestone payments for non-CNS disease products consisting of up to $330.0 million in milestone payments upon the achievement of specified development, regulatory and commercial milestones, and up to $100.0 million in sales milestone payments on a product-by-product basis. In addition, depending on the extent of our co-funding of ocadusertib development activities, we would be entitled to receive tiered royalty payments on net sales of non-CNS disease products at percentages ranging from the mid-single digits to high-teens, subject to certain standard reductions and offsets. We are also eligible to receive milestone payments for CNS disease products consisting of up to $255.0 million in milestone payments upon the achievement of specified development, regulatory and commercial milestones, and up to $150.0 million in sales milestone payments on a product-by-product basis. We would be entitled to receive tiered royalty payments on net sales of CNS disease products up to low-double digits, subject to certain standard reductions and offsets.

Under the Lilly Agreement, we were responsible for performing and funding initial discovery and identification of CNS disease development candidates. Following candidate selection, Lilly is responsible for performing and funding all future development and commercialization of the CNS disease development candidates. Under the Lilly Agreement, we are responsible for 20% of the development costs for ocadusertib in the US, Europe, and Japan, up to a specified cap, and Lilly is responsible for funding the remainder of all development activities for ocadusertib and other non-CNS disease development candidates. Pursuant to the terms of the Lilly Agreement, we have the right to opt-out of co-funding the ocadusertib development activities in the US, Europe and Japan at two different specified times and as a result receive lesser royalties from sales. Under the Lilly Agreement, if we exercised our first opt-out right prior to September 30, 2023, we were required to fund our share of the ocadusertib development activities up to a maximum funding commitment of $65.0 million through April 1, 2024.

We accounted for this agreement under ASC 606 and identified the following distinct performance obligations at inception of the agreement: (a) granting of the license rights over the non-CNS penetrant intellectual property (IP), and (b) granting of the license rights over the CNS penetrant IP which will be delivered to Lilly upon completion of the additional research and development efforts specified in the agreement. We concluded that each of these performance obligations is distinct. We based our assessment on the assumption that Lilly can benefit from each of the licenses on its own by developing and commercializing the underlying product using its own resources.

At the inception of the Lilly Agreement, given our rights to opt-out from the development of ocadusertib, we believed at the minimum, we had a commitment to fund the development costs up to $65.0 million as discussed above. We considered this commitment to fund the development costs as a significant financing component of the contract, which we accounted for as a reduction of the upfront fee to derive the transaction price. This financing component was recorded as a liability at its net present value of approximately $57.9 million using a 6.4% discount rate. Interest expense was accreted on such liability over the expected commitment period, adjusted for timing of expected cost share payments. No interest was accreted during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

At the inception, we allocated the net transaction price of $67.1 million to each performance obligation based on our best estimate of its relative standalone selling price using the adjusted market assessment approach. The transaction price allocated to the non-CNS penetrant IP of $60.4 million was recognized as revenue upon delivery of the non-CNS penetrant IP to Lilly during the first quarter of 2021. The transaction price allocated to the CNS penetrant IP of $6.7 million was recognized as revenue from the effective date of the Lilly Agreement through the eventual acceptance by Lilly in June 2022 using the input method. There was no outstanding deferred revenue related to Lilly Agreement as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

In September 2023, we provided our first-opt out notice to Lilly, and concurrently entered into a second amendment to the Lilly Agreement. The amended Lilly Agreement provided, among others that if we exercise our first opt-out right, we have the right to opt-in to the co-funding of ocadusertib development, upon us providing notice to Lilly within 30 days of certain events as specified in the Lilly Agreement, and as a result receive greater royalties from sales. If we decide to exercise our opt-in right, we will be required to continue to share in global development costs, capped at a specified amount and for a specified period if we exercise our second opt-out right.

As discussed above, following us providing the first opt-out notice to Lilly, our cost share obligation for ocadusertib development ended on April 1, 2024. We paid Lilly a total of $21.4 million for our share of development costs incurred through April 1, 2024. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding liability to Lilly reported within other long-term liabilities in the condensed balance sheets amounted to $40.0 million. Although our cost share obligation for the ocadusertib development ended on April 1, 2024, the outstanding liability reported in our condensed balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2025 amounting to $40.0 million has not been recognized as revenue during the respective periods, because we cannot conclude that it is probable that a significant reversal of the amount of revenue, if recognized, will not occur until the likelihood of us exercising our opt-in right becomes remote, or when the opt-in right period lapses.

On April 30, 2025, we provided notice to Lilly of our decision not to exercise our opt-in right following our evaluation of certain events specified in the Lilly Agreement. Following this notification, we are no longer obligated to share in any future global development costs, which resulted in the release of the $40.0 million remaining cost share liability currently on our condensed balance sheet.

Grifols License Agreement

We have an exclusive commercialization license agreement with Grifols entered in January 2019 with exclusive rights to commercialize fostamatinib for human diseases, and non-exclusive rights to develop fostamatinib in Grifols territory. Under the agreement, we received an upfront payment of $30.0 million, with the potential for $297.5 million in total regulatory and commercial milestones. We are also entitled to receive stepped double-digit royalty payments based on tiered net sales which may reach 30% of net sales. In January 2020, the European Commission (EC) granted a centralized Marketing Authorization (MA) for fostamatinib valid throughout the European Union (EU) and in the UK after the departure of the UK from the EU for the treatment of chronic ITP in adult patients who are refractory to other treatments. With this approval, in February 2020, we received $20.0 million non-refundable payment, composed of a $17.5 million payment due upon Marketing Authorization Application (MAA) approval by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) of fostamatinib for the first indication and a $2.5 million creditable advance royalty payment, based on the terms of our collaboration agreement with Grifols. We accounted for this agreement under ASC 606, and recognized the corresponding revenue in the period we satisfied the performance obligations. There was no outstanding deferred revenue related to the Grifols license agreement as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

We have a commercial supply agreement with Grifols entered in October 2020 to supply and sell our drug product priced at a certain markup specified in the agreement, in quantities Grifols order from us pursuant to and in accordance with the agreement. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, we recognized $3.3 million of revenue related to the delivery of drug supply to Grifols. No revenue was recognized related to delivery of drug supplies to Grifols during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, we recognized royalty revenue from Grifols of $1.4 million and $1.1 million, respectively.

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Kissei License Agreement – Olutasidenib

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We entered into a collaboration and license agreement with Kissei in September 2024 to grant exclusive rights to Kissei to develop and commercialize olutasidenib in all human diseases in Japan, Korea and Taiwan. Kissei is responsible for performing and funding the development activities for olutasidenib in the Kissei territory and we retained the co-exclusive right to conduct development activities in the Kissei territory solely for the purpose of supporting and obtaining regulatory approval of and commercializing olutasidenib in the world outside the Kissei territory. Under the terms of the agreement, we received a one-time, non-refundable, and non-creditable upfront cash payment of $10.0 million, with the potential for up to an additional $152.5 million in development, regulatory and commercial milestone payments, and will receive mid twenty to lower thirty percent, tiered, escalated net sales-based payments for the supply of olutasidenib, subject to certain standard reductions and offsets. Pursuant to the agreement, Kissei is responsible for companion diagnostic development in Japan, for which we will share 50% of the costs incurred by Kissei, up to $3.0 million, which are creditable against future milestones and transfer price payments owed to us. We remain responsible for the manufacture and supply of olutasidenib for all development and commercialization activities under the agreement. Pursuant to the concurrently executed supply agreement, we will supply Kissei with bulk drug product for use under the collaboration and license agreement. We accounted for this agreement following ASC 606 and concluded at the inception of the agreement, the upfront cash payment of $10.0 million was the consideration for granting the license right to Kissei, and there are no other material deliverables associated with the upfront payment. Accordingly, we recognized the upfront payment as revenue during the third quarter of 2024. No revenue was recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2025 related to this collaboration and license agreement.

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Kissei License Agreement – Fostamatinib

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We have an exclusive license and supply agreement with Kissei entered in October 2018, amended in November 2022, October 2023, August 2024, September 2024 and October 2024, to develop and commercialize fostamatinib in all current and potential indications in Japan, China, Taiwan and Korea. Kissei is responsible for performing and funding all development activities for fostamatinib in the above-mentioned territories. At the inception of the agreement, we received an upfront cash payment of $33.0 million. Further, the agreement provides for up to $115.0 million in potential development, regulatory and commercial milestone payments, and mid- to upper twenty percent, tiered, escalated net sales-based payments for the supply of fostamatinib. Under the agreement, we granted

Kissei the license rights to fostamatinib in Kissei’s territory and are obligated to supply Kissei with drug product for use in clinical trials and pre-commercialization activities. We are also responsible for the manufacture and supply of fostamatinib for all future development and commercialization activities.

In April 2022, Kissei announced that an NDA was submitted to Japan’s Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) for fostamatinib in chronic ITP which entitled us to receive a $5.0 million non-refundable and non-creditable milestone payment. In December 2022, Kissei announced that Japan’s PMDA approved the NDA for fostamatinib in chronic ITP, which entitled us to receive a $20.0 million non-refundable and non-creditable milestone payment. We accounted for this agreement under ASC 606, and recognized the corresponding revenue in the period we satisfied the performance obligations. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the remaining deferred revenue was related to the material right associated with discounted fostamatinib supply which amounted to $1.4 million. No revenue was recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 associated with the remaining performance obligation, respectively. In January 2025, Kissei announced the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety approved fostamatinib for the treatment of chronic ITP, which entitled us to receive a $3.0 million non-refundable and non-creditable milestone payment that we recognized as revenue in the three months ended March 31, 2025.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we recognized revenue from Kissei of $1.6 million and $2.3 million, respectively, related to the delivery of fostamatinib drug supply for commercial use. 

Medison Commercial and License Agreements

We have exclusive commercial and license agreements with Medison entered in October 2019 for the commercialization of fostamatinib for chronic ITP in Medison territory, pursuant to which, we received a $5.0 million upfront payment with respect to the agreement in Canada. We accounted for this agreement under ASC 606 and identified the following combined performance obligations at inception of the agreement: (a) granting of the license and (b) obtaining regulatory approval in Canada of fostamatinib in ITP. However, under the agreement, we have the option to buy back all rights to the product in Canada within six months from obtaining regulatory approval for the treatment of auto immune hemolytic anemia in Canada. We determined that the non-refundable upfront fee represented the transaction price, however, due to the buyback provision, we accounted this upfront payment as financing arrangement under ASC 606. In 2022, management concluded that the likelihood of exercising the buyback option right was remote considering the top-line results from our Phase 3 trial of fostamatinib in warm auto immune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA) which showed that the trial did not demonstrate statistical significance in the primary efficacy endpoint, and the guidance received from the FDA. As such, in accordance with ASC 606, we relieved the outstanding financing liability which included the upfront payment and accreted interest, and recognized such amount as revenue in 2022. There was no outstanding deferred revenue related to Medison commercial and license agreement as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we recognized revenue from Medison of $0.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively, related to the delivery of drug supply and earned royalties.

Knight Commercial License and Supply Agreement

We have commercial license and supply agreements with Knight entered in May 2022 for the commercialization of fostamatinib for approved indications in Knight territory. Pursuant to such commercial license agreement, we received a $2.0 million one-time, non-refundable, and non-creditable upfront payment, with potential for up to an additional $20.0 million in regulatory and sales-based commercial milestone payments, and will receive twenty- to mid-thirty percent, tiered, escalated net-sales based royalty payments for products sold in the Knight territory. We accounted for this agreement under ASC 606 and identified that the upfront payment was a consideration for granting Knight the license to commercialize fostamatinib for approved indication in the Knight territory, and no further material deliverables associated to such upfront payment. As such, we recognized the upfront payment as revenue in 2022. We are also responsible for the exclusive manufacture and supply of fostamatinib for all future development and commercialization activities under the agreement. No revenue was recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 from Knight.

Dr. Reddy’s Commercial License Agreement

We have a commercial license agreement with Dr. Reddy’s entered in November 2024, pursuant to which, we granted Dr. Reddy’s an exclusive license to develop and commercialize olutasidenib in Dr. Reddy’s territory. Pursuant to the commercial license agreement, we were entitled to receive a $4.0 million one-time, non-refundable and non-creditable upfront payment, which amount, net of applicable foreign withholding taxes was received in February 2025. In addition, we are entitled to a potential for up to an additional $36.0 million in regulatory and sales-based commercial milestone payments, and will receive high teens- to thirty percent, tiered, escalated net-sales based royalty payments for products sold in Dr. Reddy’s territory, subject to certain standard reductions and offsets. Dr. Reddy’s is responsible for performing and funding all development activities necessary to obtain regulatory approval and commercialize olutasidenib in the Dr. Reddy’s territory. We are responsible for the exclusive manufacture and supply of olutasidenib for all future development and commercialization activities under the agreement. We accounted for this agreement following ASC 606 and concluded at the inception of the agreement, the upfront cash payment of $4.0 million was the consideration for granting the license right to Dr. Reddy’s, which revenue was recognized during the fourth quarter of 2024. No revenue was recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2025 related to the commercial license agreement with Dr. Reddy’s.

Government Contract

In August 2023, we were awarded up to $0.8 million by Biomedical Advanced Research and Development (BARDA), part of the Office of the Assistant Secretary for the Preparedness and Response at the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), for our evaluation of fostamatinib in mitigating the impact of long-term respiratory distress. No revenue was recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 from this grant. Through March 31, 2025, we have received $0.1 million of the award.

Strategic Development Collaborations with MDACC and CONNECT

We have a Strategic Collaboration Agreement with MDACC, a comprehensive cancer research, treatment, and prevention center, entered in December 2023. The collaboration will expand our evaluation of olutasidenib in AML and other hematologic cancers. Under the collaboration, we will provide MDACC the study materials and $15.0 million in time-based milestone payments as compensation for services to be provided for the studies, over the five-year collaboration term, unless terminated earlier as provided for in the agreement. Through March 31, 2025, we provided $5.3 million funding to MDACC.

In January 2024, we announced our collaboration with CONNECT, an international collaborative network of pediatric cancer centers, to conduct a Phase 2 clinical trial to evaluate olutasidenib in glioma. Under the collaboration, we will provide funding up to $3.0 million and study material over the four-year collaboration.

We account for the funding we provide under the above research collaboration agreements as prepaid research and development in the condensed balance sheet to the extent the payment is made in advance of services being rendered, and recognize such amount as research and development expense within the statements of operations as the collaborative partners render the services under the respective agreement.